मुद्रा currency ? :-
उनके अस्तित्व की शक्ति बनी हुई है जिनके पूर्वजो उनके लिए खेत भूमि नही छोड़ी उनके अस्तित्व पर ? लगा हुआ है
मुद्रा के बिना वर्तमान इतना खराब भी होसकता है की लोकतांत्रिक सरकारों पर से भी लोगो का विश्वास उठ जाएगा
मुद्रा सबके पास हो इसका हल नही दिखाई देता क्योकि इसके बदले में आप को भी कुछ सर्विस या सामन देना होगा यही इसकी गति भी तय करता है किसी के पास यह कितनी मात्रा में मुद्रा रहे! इसका हल भूतकाल में जा कर इसके इतिहास मिलता है।
किसी भी राज्य की मुद्रा बनी उस राज्य के राजा ने उसका मुल्य निर्धारित किया तब जा कर और भी काम करने के लिए लोग आगे आये और बाजार फैलने लगे आप भारी सामान को कितनी दूर तक लेजा सकते है थक जायेंगे पर यदि मुद्रा हो तो आप दूर तक व्यापर कर सकते है पर उस राज्य का राजा भी आपके राज्य की मुद्रा का मुल्य समझना होगा यह जब होगा तब दोनों धातु की मुद्रा एक ही गुण की हो जैसे सोने की तांबे की आदि आदि पर जब मुद्रा के लिए उपलब्ध धातू ख़त्म हो जाये तब? वो राज्य पीछे रह जायेगा बाजार में इसके बाद मुद्रा की धातू बदलती गई इसका दूसरा कारण यह भी था की इसकी हूबहू नकल तैयार दूसरा राज्य भी करने लगा तब इसकी जटिलता पर ध्यान दिया गया अब जा कर इतनी जटिल हुई तो फिर परिवर्तन इसे दबाने का आया और इसकी कमी के चलते इसे निकालने बनाने के नियम लाए गए फिर भी कोई उपाय नजर नही आता है आज राज्य देश बनगए है
17 July1973 is based on a conversation between then US Ambassador Daniel Patrick Moynihan and Gandhi.
MEETING WITH PRIME MINISTER GANDHI
------------------------
SSMARY:-
I MET THIS MORNING WITH THE PRIME MINISTER TO GO OVER
A SERIES OF MATTERS WHICH I HAD ASKED TO DISCUSS WITH HER.
THE MEETING WAS FRIENDLY AND BY INDIAN STANDARDS CONSTRUCTIVE.
END SUMMARY
Page1-
1. I PRESENTED AN AIDE MEMOIRE OUTLINING MY INSTRUCTIONS
WITH RESPECT TO RUPEES. SHE ASKED THAT WE NOW COMMENCE
FORMAL NEGOTIATIONS WITH MINISTER OF FINANCE CHAVAN. SHE MADE
NO COMMENT ON THE OFFER AS SUCH.
2. I PRESENTED AN AIDE MEMOIRE REPORTING THAT AFTER TWENTY
ONE YEARS AND MANY ACHIEVEMENTS THE AMERICAN TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
PROGRAM IN INDIA HAS COME TO A CONCLUSION. I INFORMED HER
THAT WITH THIS CONCLUSION WE WERE NOW ABLE TO TURN OVER TO
THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA THE AID APARTMENT COMPLEX. SHE THANKED
ME FOR THE APARTMENT BUILDINGS.
3. I TOLD HER OF OUR CONCERN THAT INDIA SHOULD BE ABLE TO
PURCHASE THE GRAIN IT NEEDS TO MAKE UP THE SHORTAGES BETWEEN
NOW AND THE HARVESTING OF THE KHARIF CROP. I EXPLAINED THAT
OUR DOMESTIC SUPPLY SITUATION WAS MUCH MORE COMPLEX THAN IT HAD
BEEN. SHE ASKED ME WHAT I RECOMMENDED. I SAID MY RECOMMENDATION
WOULD BE THAT THEY SHOULD HAVE BOUGHT WHAT THEY NEEDED THREE
MONTHS AGO. I NOTED THAT I HAD TOLD HER PEOPLE AT LEAST THAT
SECRET
Page2-
FAR BACK THAT EVERY DAY THEY PUT IT OFF WOULD COST THEM A MILLION
DOLLARS, WHICH IT HAS. (THIS MAY EXAGGERATE A BIT, BUT IT WAS
THAT KIND OF CONVERSATION.) SHE IS EVIDENTLY MUCH INVOLVED
IN THIS SUBJECT NOW, KNOWS THEY ARE TRYING TO BUY THREE
MILLION TONS OF WHEAT AND ONE AND ONE HALF MILLION TONS OF
MILO, AND KNOWS THAT THEY HAVE DELAYED DISASTROUSLY. FOR GOOD
MEASURE I ADDED THAT A MONTH AGO HER FOOD MINISTER HAD TOLD ME
THEY NEEDED TO GET ONE MILLION TONS TO BOMBAY BY THE FIRST OF
SEPTEMBER, WHICH MEANS THE GRAIN WOULD HAVE TO BE AT SEA TODAY
IN ORDER TO ARRIVE BY THAT TIME. IT IS NOT. MY COMMENTS WERE
VERY LOW KEY, AND SHE INDICATED A CERTAIN WEARY AGREEMENT.
4. I EXPRESSED OUR DESIRE, AS STATED IN THE PRESIDENT'S
STATE OF THE WORLD ADDRESS AND BY AMERICAN REPRESENTATIVES
AT THE JUNE CONSORTIUM MEETING, TO BEGIN DISCUSSION OF POSSIBLE
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTAL AID ASSISTANCE AND OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC
RELATIONS. I PUT IT THAT WE SAW THREE SEPARATE DISCUSSIONS,
ALL INTERRELATED, ON RUPEES, AID, AND TRADE. OUR CONCERN WAS
TO SEARCH OUT AND AGREE ON AREAS AND ACTIVITIES OF MUTUAL
BENEFIT. SHE AGREED THAT THIS SHOULD BE DONE, AND THAT HER
SECRETARY, PROFESSOR P. N. DHAR, WOULD ORGANIZE TEAMS TO MEET
WITH US.
5. WE HAVE INFORMED THE PRESS OF THE AGREEMENT TO COMMENCE
THESE THREE SETS OF NEGOTIATIONS. MINISTER CHAVAN WILL BE
AWAY FROM DELHI UNTIL FRIDAY, BUT I EXPECT TO SEE HIM THEN.
6. THE PRIME MINISTER HAS HAD FLU AND LOOKS IT. THERE
WAS NOT MUCH GIVE IN HER, BUT NO HOSTILITY EITHER. WE WERE
INTERUPTED WITH NEWS OF THE AFHGANISTAN COUP, WHICH COULD HAVE
DISTRACTED HER. AS WE WERE ALONE SAVE FOR A NOTE TAKER.
I LATER "DEBRIEFED" DHAR. I COME TO REALIZE THAT NOT EVEN THE
SIMPLEST HOME TRUTHS ARE TOLD HER BY HER STAFF. HE WAS NEAR
ECSTATIC THAT SOMEONE HAD FINALLY HAD THE COURAGE TO TELL HER
THE GRAIN SHOULD HAVE BEEN BOUGHT THREE MONTHS AGO. THE TIMING
IS ESPECIALLY CRITICAL HERE. THE FOUR AND ONE HALF MILLION
TONS NEEDS TO ARRIVE WITH SUFFICIENT FLOURISH TO BRING OUT THE
THREE MILLION ODD TONS THAT ARE BEING HOARDED AS A RESULT OF
THE NATIONALIZATION OF THE GRAIN TRADE LAST WINTER. ONE TON
OF IMPORTED GRAIN IS INTENDED TO BRING TWO TONS TO MARKET.
BUT IF IT DOESN'T GET HERE IN TIME THIS WON'T HAPPEN.
THEY SECRET
Page3-
COULD HARDLY HAVE MUCKED UP MORE, BEGINNING WITH NATIONALIZATION.
THEY ALL KNOW IT, BUT DON'T DARE SAY. POWER TO THE PEOPLE.
MOYNIHAN
SECRET
<< END OF DOCUMENT >>
https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/1973NEWDE08284_b.html
US President Richard Nixon
Gerald R. Ford appointed Moynihan as United States Ambassador to India, where he served from 1973 to 1975. The relationship between the two countries was at a low point.
**कर्जदार बना कर रुपया लेकर चले गए और बाद में रूपये की कीमत कम करो कहा तब गेंहू देंगे।
He proposed that part of the burdensome debt be written off, part used to pay for US embassy expenses in India, and the remaining converted into Indian rupees to fund an Indo-US cultural and educational exchange program that lasted for a quarter century. On February 18, 1974, he presented to the Government of India a check for 16,640,000,000 rupees, which is equivalent to $2,046,700,000, which was the greatest amount paid by a single check in the history of banking.The "Rupee Deal" is logged in the Guinness Book of World Records for the world's largest check, written by Ambassador Moynihan to Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan
